The schisms can vary.

Putin, Xi and Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi met and agreed on the need to rely on international law, respect national sovereignty and refrain from interference in the internal affairs of other nations, Putin said.

Such statements are a swipe at Trump’s “America First” approach in rejecting multilateral initiatives, but also draw a line against criticism of authoritarian governments like China’s and Russia’s.

China has often sought support for defending global trade agreements against Trump’s “America First” stance in gatherings like the G-20.

A planned meeting between Trump and Xi on Saturday has raised hopes the world’s two largest economies could attain a rapprochement in their festering dispute over technology and China’s chronic trade surplus.

The two sides have levied billions of dollars’ worth of tariffs on each other’s products. In Beijing, officials urged the U.S. side to meet China halfway in resolving the standoff.

In a meeting with Brazilian President Jair Bolsonaro, Trump said he had not promised to hold back on imposing new tariffs on China.

“I think it’ll be productive,” Trump said of his meeting with Xi. “We’ll see what happens tomorrow. It’ll be a very exciting day I’m sure,” he said. “It’s going to come out hopefully well for both countries.”

U.S. Trade Representative Robert Lighthizer and Commerce Secretary Wilbur Ross accompanied Trump to Osaka, suggesting potential for some movement after 11 rounds of talks with China stalled in May.

But while prospects for detente in the trade war are in the spotlight, many participants prefer a broader approach to tackling global crises.

“I am deeply concerned over the current global economic situation. The world is paying attention to the direction we, the G-20 leaders, are moving toward,” Abe said. “We need to send a strong message, which is to support and strengthen a free, fair and indiscriminating trade system.”

Jean-Claude Juncker, president of the EU Commission, told the G-20 leaders their work was essential for building confidence to keep the world economy growing.

Abe has sought to make the Osaka summit a landmark for progress on environmental issues, including climate change, on cooperation in developing new rules for the “digital economy,” such as devising fair ways to tax companies like Google and Facebook, and on strengthening precautions against abuse of technologies such as cybercurrencies to fund terrorism and other types of internet-related crimes.

On the rising tensions between Iran and the U.S., U.N. Secretary-General Antonio Guterres said the world can’t afford the conflict and it is “essential to deescalate the situation” and avoid confrontation. Iran is poised to soon surpass a key uranium stockpile threshold, threatening the nuclear accord it reached with world powers in 2015.

Iran’s moves come after Trump announced in May 2018 that he was pulling the U.S. out of the deal and re-imposing economic sanctions on Tehran.

The leaders of Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa, in a meeting on the G-20 sidelines, called for joint efforts to stabilize international trade and oppose protectionism.

Putin, whose country faces an array of U.S. and EU sanctions, said at the meeting that “international trade has suffered from protectionism, politically motivated restrictions and barriers.” He also emphasized the need for the BRICS nations to take coordinated action to help block sources of funding for terrorist groups.

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AP journalists Kaori Hitomi and Vladimir Isachenkov contributed to this story.